|
|
 |
LETTER |
|
Year : 2011 | Volume
: 3
| Issue : 3 | Page : 466-467 |
|
|
Coenzyme Q10: The essential nutrient
Rajiv Saini
Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Rural Dental College- Loni, Tehsil- Rahata, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 413 736, India
Date of Web Publication | 3-Sep-2011 |
Correspondence Address: Rajiv Saini Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Rural Dental College- Loni, Tehsil- Rahata, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra 413 736 India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.84471
How to cite this article: Saini R. Coenzyme Q10: The essential nutrient. J Pharm Bioall Sci 2011;3:466-7 |
Sir,
Coenzyme Q-10 (CoQ-10 or Ubiquinone) is a naturally occurring quinone that is found in most aerobic organisms from bacteria to mammals. It was first identified in 1940, and isolated from the mitochondria of the beef heart, in 1957. Coenzyme Q10 is also known as Coenzyme Q, CoQ, CoQ10, Ubiquinone, Ubiquinone-Q10, Ubidecarenone, or Vitamin Q10. The various types of Coenzyme Q can be distinguished by the number of isoprenoid side-chains they have. The most common Coenzyme Q in human mitochondria is CoQ10. The 10 refers to the number of isoprene repeats. CoQ10 is ubiquitous in human tissues, although its level is variable. The level of CoQ10 is the highest in organs with high rates of metabolism such as the heart, kidney, and liver (114, 66.5, and 54.9g/g tissue, respectively), where it functions as an energy transfer molecule. The primary biochemical action of CoQ10 is as a cofactor in the electron-transport chain, in the series of redox reactions that are involved in the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate. As most cellular functions are dependent on an adequate supply of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), CoQ10 is essential for the health of virtually all human tissues and organs. Coenzyme Q10 is one of the most significant lipid antioxidants, which prevents the generation of free radicals and modifications of proteins, lipids, and DNA. In many disease conditions connected with increased generation and the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in the human body decreases [1],[2] and the deficiency of coenzyme Q10 leads to the dysfunction of the respiratory chain, which is due to the insufficient production of highly energetic compounds, which decrease the efficiency of cells. To protect the cells and organ systems of the body against ROS, humans have evolved a highly sophisticated and complex antioxidant protection system. It involves a variety of components, both endogenous and exogenous in origin, which function interactively and synergistically to neutralize free radicals and include nutrient-derived antioxidants (Vitamin C and E, beta carotene, and polyphenols), antioxidant enzymes (bilirubin, thiols, ubiquinones, and uric acid), metal-binding proteins (albumin, ceruloplasmin, ferritin, and myoglobin), and numerous other antioxidant phytonutrients (plant-derived substances) present in a wide variety of plant foods. [3] Antioxidants, such as CoQ10, can neutralize free radicals and may reduce or even help prevent some of the damage they cause. CoQ10 improves energy, augments the immune system, and acts as an antioxidant. The potential use of coenzyme Q10 supplements alone or in combination with other drug therapies and nutritional supplements may help prevent or treat some of the following conditions: cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, cancer, periodontal diseases, mitochondrial disorders, radiation injury, obesity, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), gastric ulcers, allergy, migraine headaches, kidney failure, muscular dystrophy, and aging. CoQ10 plays a significant role in boosting the immune system and physical performance, as tissues and cells involved with immune function are highly energy-dependent and therefore require an adequate supply of CoQ10 for optimal function. Primary dietary sources of CoQ10 include oily fish (such as salmon and tuna), organ meats (such as liver), and whole grains. Most individuals obtain sufficient amounts of CoQ10 through a balanced diet, but supplementation may be useful for individuals with particular health conditions. CoQ10 is available as a supplement in several forms, including soft gel capsules, oral spray, hard shell capsules, and tablets. A typical CoQ10 dosage is 30 to 90 mg per day, taken in divided doses, but the recommended amount can be as high as 200 mg per day. CoQ10 is fat-soluble, so it is better absorbed when taken with a meal that contains oil or fat. The clinical effect is not immediate and may take up to eight weeks. Side effects of CoQ10 may include diarrhea and rash; safety of Co q10 in pregnant or nursing women, or children has not been established. It is concluded that Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone/ubiquinol) is a fat-soluble quinone with a structure similar to that of vitamin K. It is an effective antioxidant both on its own and in fusion with vitamin E and is fundamental in powering the body's energy production ATP cycle. CoQ10 is found throughout the body in cell membranes, especially in the mitochondrial membranes, and is chiefly abundant in the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, and adrenal glands. The whole body content of CoQ10 is only about 500-1500 mg and decreases with age. Coenzyme Q10 is one of the most significant lipid antioxidants that prevents the generation of free radicals and modifications of proteins, lipids, and DNA.
References | |  |
1. | Battino M, Ferreiro MS, Bomparde S, Leone L, Mosca F, Bullon P. Elevated hydroperoxide levels and antioxidant patterns in Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. J Periodontol 2001;72:1760-6.  |
2. | Battino M, Bullon P, Wilson M, Newman N. Oxidative injury and inflammatory periodontal diseases: The challenge of antioxidants to free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1999;10:458-76.  |
3. | Saini R, Saini S, Sharma S. Antioxidants accelerates cellular health. Int J Green Pharm 2010;3:212.  |
This article has been cited by | 1 |
Using a neonatal rat model to explore the therapeutic potential of coenzyme Q10 in prematurity under hyperoxia |
|
| Cheng-Han Lee, Ming-Sheng Lee, Rei-Cheng Yang, Chien-Sheng Hsu, Tzu-Cheng Su, Po-Sheng Chang, Ping-Ting Lin, Jun-Kai Kao | | Environmental Toxicology. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 2 |
Noninvasive instrumental evaluation of coenzyme
Q
10
phytosome on endothelial reactivity in healthy nonsmoking young volunteers: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled |
|
| Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Federica Fogacci, Antonio Di Micoli, Maddalena Veronesi, Claudio Borghi | | BioFactors. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 3 |
Prospective dietary radical scavengers: Boon in Pharmacokinetics, overcome insulin obstruction via signaling cascade for absorption during impediments in metabolic disorder like Diabetic Mellitus |
|
| Varuna Suresh, John Kunnath, Amala Reddy | | Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 4 |
Protective effect of coenzyme-10 and piperine against cyclophosphamide-induced cytotoxicity in human cancer HuH-7 cells |
|
| Norah S. AL-Johani, Mohammed Al-Zharani, Bader Almutairi, Nada H. Aljarba, Norah M. Alhoshani, Nora Alkeraishan, Saud Alarifi, Daoud Ali, Saad Alkahtani | | Journal of King Saud University - Science. 2022; : 102009 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 5 |
The Natural History of Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in an Irish Population and Assessment for Prognostic Biomarkers |
|
| Kirk A. J. Stephenson, Joseph McAndrew, Paul F. Kenna, Lorraine Cassidy | | Neuro-Ophthalmology. 2022; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 6 |
The NADH-ubiquinone reductase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in the rat kidney mitochondria under the conditions of different protein and sucrose content in the diet |
|
| O. M. Voloshchuk, ?. S. Ursatyy, G. P. Kopylchuk | | The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal. 2022; 94(1): 105 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 7 |
Heart Failure—Do We Need New Drugs or Have Them Already? A Case of Coenzyme Q10 |
|
| Krzysztof J. Filipiak, Stanislaw Surma, Monika Romanczyk, Boguslaw Okopien | | Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2022; 9(5): 161 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 8 |
Mitochondria-Targeted, Nanoparticle-Based Drug-Delivery Systems: Therapeutics for Mitochondrial Disorders |
|
| Sakshi Buchke, Muskan Sharma, Anusuiya Bora, Maitrali Relekar, Piyush Bhanu, Jitendra Kumar | | Life. 2022; 12(5): 657 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 9 |
Systematic Review of Nutrition Supplements in Chronic Kidney Diseases: A GRADE Approach |
|
| Pei-Chin Lin, Chu-Lin Chou, Shih-Hsiang Ou, Te-Chao Fang, Jin-Shuen Chen | | Nutrients. 2021; 13(2): 469 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 10 |
Coenzyme Q10: Clinical Applications beyond Cardiovascular Diseases |
|
| Lara Testai, Alma Martelli, Lorenzo Flori, Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Alessandro Colletti | | Nutrients. 2021; 13(5): 1697 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 11 |
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Diet Review |
|
| Salvatore D’Antona, Martina Caramenti, Danilo Porro, Isabella Castiglioni, Claudia Cava | | Foods. 2021; 10(12): 3128 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 12 |
Current Neuropharmacological Interventions in Autism: Potential Drug Targets from Pre-clinical and Clinical Findings |
|
| Ramit Sharma, Aarti Tiwari, Saloni Rahi, Sidharth Mehan | | Current Psychopharmacology. 2021; 10(2): 98 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 13 |
Exploring Molecular Approaches in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Drug Targets from Clinical and Pre-Clinical Findings |
|
| Mamtaj Alam, Rajeshwar K. Yadav, Elizabeth Minj, Aarti Tiwari, Sidharth Mehan | | Current Molecular Pharmacology. 2021; 14(3): 263 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 14 |
ROLE OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN HEART DISEASES |
|
| NAMRATA KHAIRNAR, PRASHANT PINGALE, SUNIL AMRUTKAR | | International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research. 2021; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 15 |
The effect of coenzyme Q10 on blood plasma nitric oxide and total antioxidant capacity levels in hypothyroidism-induced rats |
|
| Cemsah YAZICI, Tufan KEÇECI, Durmus HATIPOGLU | | Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 5(1): 19 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 16 |
Novel Therapies for Parkinsonian Syndromes–Recent Progress and Future Perspectives |
|
| Dominika Przewodowska, Weronika Marzec, Natalia Madetko | | Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 2021; 14 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 17 |
Nutrition in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: review |
|
| Walid Hamdy El-Tantawy | | Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry. 2021; 127(6): 509 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 18 |
Influence of dietary combinations of Amphora coffeaeformis with linseed oil or sunflower oil on performance, fatty and amino acid profiles, oxidative stability and meat quality of broiler chickens |
|
| Sabry M. El-Bahr, Saad Al-Sultan, Mohammed A. Alfattah, Ahmed Shehab, Islam Sabeq, Saad Shousha, Omar Ahmed-Farid, Osama El-Garhy, Khalid A. Albusadah, Sameer Alhojaily, Wasseem Khattab | | Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2021; 20(1): 1587 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 19 |
Toxicant effects on mammalian oocyte mitochondria† |
|
| Kelli F Malott, Ulrike Luderer | | Biology of Reproduction. 2021; 104(4): 784 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 20 |
Hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in high altitude population: impact of coenzyme Q10 supplementation |
|
| Ayman R. Biuomy, Fatma S. H. Oraby, Eman A. Khalifa, Hanaa A. El-Sherif, Jihan Hussein, Yasmin Abdel-Latif | | Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine. 2021; 18(3): 621 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 21 |
Detachable dissolvable microneedles: intra-epidermal and intradermal diffusion, effect on skin surface, and application in hyperpigmentation treatment |
|
| Pritsana Sawutdeechaikul, Silada Kanokrungsee, Thanyapat Sahaspot, Kamonwan Thadvibun, Wijit Banlunara, Benchaphorn Limcharoen, Titiporn Sansureerungsikul, Teeranut Rutwaree, Miranda Oungeun, Supason Wanichwecharungruang | | Scientific Reports. 2021; 11(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 22 |
Effects of aluminum chloride and coenzyme Q10 on the molecular structure of lipids and the morphology of the brain hippocampus cells |
|
| Abdu Saeed, Safaa Y. Qusti, Rawan Hamdan Almarwani, Ebtihaj J. Jambi, Eida M. Alshammari, Naeem F. Gusty, Maha J. Balgoon | | RSC Advances. 2021; 11(48): 29925 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 23 |
Potential Therapeutic Use of Coenzyme Q10 in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: an Algorithm of Scoping Clinical Review |
|
| Anmar Al-Taie, Arueyingho Oritsetimeyin Victoria, Abdul Hafeez | | SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. 2021; 3(4): 989 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 24 |
QuinoMit Q10-Fluid attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced irregular beating in mouse pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes |
|
| Filomain Nguemo, Erastus Nembu Nembo, Michelle Vanessa Kamga Kapchoup, Franz Enzmann, Jürgen Hescheler | | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2021; 142: 112089 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 25 |
Epigallocatechin gallate and coenzyme Q10 attenuate cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats via targeting mitochondrial stress and apoptosis |
|
| Sabiha Fatima, Nida Suhail, May Alrashed, Samina Wasi, Feda S. Aljaser, Roua A. AlSubki, Ashwag S. Alsharidah, Naheed Banu | | Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology. 2021; 35(4) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 26 |
Potential neuroprotective biomolecules in ophthalmology |
|
| Mehrdad Afarid, Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi | | International Ophthalmology. 2021; 41(3): 1103 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 27 |
Antioxidant supplementations ameliorate PCOS complications: a review of RCTs and insights into the underlying mechanisms |
|
| Roghaye Gharaei, Forough Mahdavinezhad, Esmaeil Samadian, Jahanbakhsh Asadi, Zhaleh Ashrafnezhad, Ladan Kashani, Fardin Amidi | | Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 2021; 38(11): 2817 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 28 |
CoQ10 exerts hepatoprotective effect in fructose-induced fatty liver model in rats |
|
| Shimaa M. Elshazly, Amira E. Alsemeh, Enssaf A. A. Ahmad, Samar Rezq | | Pharmacological Reports. 2020; 72(4): 922 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 29 |
Nutraceutical support in heart failure: a position paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) |
|
| Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Alessandro Colletti, Stephan von Haehling, Dragos Vinereanu, Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Peter P. Toth, Željko Reiner, Nathan D. Wong, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Claudio Ferri, Maciej Banach | | Nutrition Research Reviews. 2020; 33(1): 155 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 30 |
Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on work-related fatigue in nurses: a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study |
|
| Sarah Mousavi, Vahid Mohammadi, Zahra Foroughi | | Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior. 2020; 8(1): 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 31 |
The Innate Immune System and Inflammatory Priming: Potential Mechanistic Factors in Mood Disorders and Gulf War Illness |
|
| Kyle J. Trageser, Maria Sebastian-Valverde, Sean X Naughton, Giulio Maria Pasinetti | | Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020; 11 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 32 |
Coenzyme Q10: Clinical Applications in Cardiovascular Diseases |
|
| Alma Martelli, Lara Testai, Alessandro Colletti, Arrigo F. G. Cicero | | Antioxidants. 2020; 9(4): 341 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 33 |
Ethosomes for Coenzyme Q10 Cutaneous Administration: From Design to 3D Skin Tissue Evaluation |
|
| Maddalena Sguizzato, Paolo Mariani, Francesco Spinozzi, Mascia Benedusi, Franco Cervellati, Rita Cortesi, Markus Drechsler, Roxane Prieux, Giuseppe Valacchi, Elisabetta Esposito | | Antioxidants. 2020; 9(6): 485 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 34 |
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION |
|
| B. A. Ussipbek, L. C. López, N. T. Ablaikhanova, M. K. Murzakhmetova | | Series of biological and medical. 2020; 2(338): 31 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 35 |
Siçanlarda Bisfenol A’nin Neden Oldugu Pankreatik Degisimler Üzerine Koenzim Q10’un Etkileri |
|
| Mustafa YILDIZ, Özay GÜLES, Mustafa SANDIKÇI, Sadiye KUM | | Harran Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020; : 335 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 36 |
Potential of Nanonutraceuticals in Increasing Immunity |
|
| Josef Jampilek, Katarina Kralova | | Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(11): 2224 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 37 |
The in vitro and in vivo depigmenting activity of Coenzyme Q10 through the down-regulation of a-MSH signaling pathways and induction of Nrf2/ARE-mediated antioxidant genes in UVA-irradiated skin keratinocytes |
|
| You-Cheng Hseu, Yi-Geng Ho, Dony Chacko Mathew, Hung-Rong Yen, Xuan-Zao Chen, Hsin-Ling Yang | | Biochemical Pharmacology. 2019; 164: 299 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 38 |
Neuroprotection in Glaucoma: Old and New Promising Treatments |
|
| Dario Rusciano,Salvatore Pezzino,Maria Giulia Mutolo,Rossella Giannotti,Aloisa Librando,Nicola Pescosolido | | Advances in Pharmacological Sciences. 2017; 2017: 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 39 |
Cellular factories for coenzyme Q10 production |
|
| Sean Qiu En Lee,Tsu Soo Tan,Makoto Kawamukai,Ee Sin Chen | | Microbial Cell Factories. 2017; 16(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 40 |
Comparing palm oil tocotrienol rich fraction with a-tocopherol supplementation on oxidative stress in healthy older adults |
|
| Jo Aan Goon,Nor Helwa Ezzah Nor Azman,Siti Madiani Abdul Ghani,Zalina Hamid,Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah | | Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 41 |
Classification, causes, diagnosis and treatment of male infertility: a review |
|
| Mamuna Naz,Mehnaz Kamal | | Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine. 2017; 17(2): 89 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 42 |
Does Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation Mitigate Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms? Pharmacological and Methodological Considerations |
|
| Beth A. Taylor | | American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs. 2017; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | 43 |
The use of coenzyme Q0 as a template in the development of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective recognition of coenzyme Q10 |
|
| Mario Contin,Sabrina Flor,Manuela Martinefski,Silvia Lucangioli,Valeria Tripodi | | Analytica Chimica Acta. 2014; 807: 67 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
|
 |
 |
|